半滑舌鳎3个形态性状与体质量的相关及通径分析   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

刘峰  陈松林  刘肖峰  刘洋  崔忠凯  邓寒 《海洋学报》2015,37(4):94-102

为了深入认识半滑舌鳎形态性状与体质量之间的关系,本研究使用831尾12月龄左右半滑舌鳎个体的体质量[BM(g)]和形态性状,包括全长[TL(cm)]、体高[BH(cm)]、体厚[BW(cm)],通过模型拟合筛选获得能够反映雌、雄性个体各个形态性状与体质量关系的最佳模型。建立了以形态性状为自变量、体质量作为因变量的回归方程,并计算了直接、间接通径系数和决定系数。模型拟合结果显示,雌、雄个体全长、体高和体厚与体质量的最优拟合模型都为幂函数曲线模型,雌性个体3个形态性状与体质量的最优模型分别为:y⌒=0.004x3.090、y⌒=0.382x2.983、y⌒=61.912x2.461;雄性个体的3个最优模型公式依次为:y⌒=0.005x3.003、y⌒=0.300x3.147、y⌒=57.681x2.156。通径分析结果显示,雌性个体中体高对体质量的直接影响最大,通径系数为0.535,而雄性个体全长对体质量的直接作用最大,通径系数为0.407。雌、雄个体的3个形态性状对体质量都有极显著的直接作用,其最优多元回归方程:雌性为BM=-88.530+1.297 TL+15.862 BH+39.021 BW;雄性为BM=-71.579+2.587TL+7.351 BH+35.595 BW。  相似文献   

Graduated incarceration: The Israeli occupation in subaltern geopolitical perspective     

Ron J. Smith 《Geoforum》2011,42(3):316-328

This paper highlights the importance of analysis of the microgeographies of occupation, and the spatially-differentiated means that the Israeli Occupation Forces use to maintain the occupation and create spaces of graduated incarceration for Palestinians. Using the examples of the hinterlands of Qalqiliyah and the old city of Al-Khalil (Hebron) in the occupied West Bank, this paper exposes the microgeographical differentiation the occupation mobilizes in its attempt to enact a panoptic sovereignty over the population, in the process of dispossession. This study challenges geopolitical formations of the state as primary actor, and focuses instead on narratives of Palestinians describing their own experiences of occupation by a hostile state. By relying on popular media, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, this paper seeks to incorporate a Palestinian vision of life under occupation to challenge traditional geopolitical visions of the Palestinian Israeli conflict, in effect creating a subaltern geopolitical narrative.  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)多代近交与自交家系遗传差异及生长性状比较     

任晶莹  王卫军  徐涛  赵强  李彬  孙国华  杨建敏 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(3):630-637

在良种选育过程中,为了尽快得到稳定可遗传的优良性状,常采用近交方式进行纯系选育,而近交会导致群体的遗传多样性下降。为了解长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)多代近交和自交家系的遗传多样性、遗传结构和生长情况,本实验选用长牡蛎近交4代(F4代)、近交5代(F5代)家系和雌性同体自交1代(自交1代)家系,采用8对多态性高的微卫星序列进行分析,同时对其成体的三个时间点生长数据进行了显著性差异分析。实验结果表明,8对微卫星位点在野生对照组中表现出较高的多态性,F4代、F5代和自交1代3个家系的遗传多样性明显下降,平均等位基因数(Na)由17.00下降到2.00,平均观测杂合度(Ho)由0.538下降到0.449,平均多态信息含量(PIC)由0.826下降到0.297;哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)检验结果显示,8个位点在三个家系和野生对照组中均不同程度偏离HWE平衡(P0.0062)。F4代、F5代、自交1代和野生对照的生长性状指标分析表明,和野生对照相比,三个家系生长指标明显提高,对于自交一代而言,与自交实验组亲本选择的偶然性有关。同时,三个家系三个时间点的壳长、壳宽生长性状没有显著性差异(除330日龄壳宽和630日龄壳长),F5代生长性状指标壳高和湿重均大于F4代和自交1代,且差异显著;但F4代和自交1代之间没有显著性差异。通过本研究发现,F5代可以继续用来进行生长性状新品系的选育,自交1代多样性降低程度相当于F5代,但多样性的降低对成体的生长性状影响不明显,仍可以用做相关实验材料。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)形态性状与净肉重和出肉率的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张倩  王全超  于洋  张成松  黄皓  李富花  相建海 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(3):653-661

为了探究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)表型性状与净肉重、出肉率的关系,本研究以5月龄的650尾凡纳滨对虾为材料,测量了全长、体长、头胸甲和各体节的长宽高等24个表型性状,根据体重、净肉重计算出肉率,通过相关分析、逐步回归分析和通径分析,计算了各性状间的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,分析了24个表型性状与净肉重和出肉率的关系。结果表明,相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01);通过逐步回归分析建立了以净肉重为因变量,13个性状为自变量的回归方程;同时建立了以出肉率为因变量,9个性状为自变量的回归方程。通径分析结果显示,体长对净肉重的直接影响最大,其次是第3腹节长和第1腹节宽;对出肉率的正向直接影响最大的是体长,其次是第2腹节高和第3腹节长,头胸甲长、宽、高以及尾节长与出肉率呈明显负相关。决定系数分析结果与通径分析结论基本一致,在所分析的24个形态性状中,体长和第3腹节长与净肉重和出肉率密切相关。在实际生产中,可以通过测量体长和第3腹节长等形态性状间接实现对净肉重、出肉率的选择,选育优良品种。  相似文献   

Trophic guilds of EPT (Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in three basins of the Brazilian Savanna     

《Limnologica》2017

Insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) are prominent among stream biota and are associated with many ecological processes in these environments, meaning that a proper definition of their habits is essential. We studied EPT from three watersheds in Brazil (Paraguai, Paraná, and São Francisco) in order to (i) determine the trophic guilds of EPT genera sampled; (ii) determine whether trophic guilds reflect EPT phylogenetic component (taxonomic distance); (iii) compare trophic guild composition among watersheds; and (iv) verify the effect of environmental components in trophic guild composition. Eight trophic guilds were determined based on gut content analysis: detritivores, fine-detritivores, fine-detritivores/algivores, coarse-detritivores, coarse-detritivore/algivores, periphytivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Caddisflies presented the most variable diet and many genera belonged to different trophic guilds in different basins. Overall trophic guild composition did not reflect the taxonomic distance among taxa and it did not differ among the three basins. Instead, EPT guilds were related to local environmental variables, evidencing that their diet probably varies according to local resource availability, highlighting the importance of empirical assessments of diet for ecological studies.  相似文献   

Effect of implementing ecosystem functional type data in a mesoscale climate model     

Seung-Jae LEE  E. Hugo BERBERY  Domingo ALCARAZ-SEGURA 《大气科学进展》2013,30(5):1373-1386

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of land-surface state representation for southern South America, which is based on "functional" attributes of vegetation, and implement a new land-cover (Ecosystem Functional Type, hereafter EFT) dataset in the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. We found that the EFT data enabled us to deal with functional attributes of vegetation and time-variant features more easily than the default land-cover data in the WRF. In order to explore the usefulness of the EFT data in simulations of surface and atmospheric variables, numerical simulations of the WRF model, using both the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the EFT data, were conducted over the La Plata Basin in South America for the austral spring of 1998 and compared with observations. Results showed that the model simulations were sensitive to the lower boundary conditions and that the use of the EFT data improved the climate simulation of 2-m temperature and precipitation, implying the need for this type of information to be included in numerical climate models.  相似文献   

沈阳市不同功能区地表土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征研究     

侯伟  刘伟  万志强  宋昀地  陈来仪  李悦  姜磊  苏丹  于海波 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(1):108-112

采用高效液相色谱法对沈阳市地表土壤中的多环芳烃（Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs）进行了定量分析,研究了沈阳市地表土壤中PAHs在不同功能区的含量及分布特征。结果表明：从土壤PAHs总量来看,居民区最低,其次是商业区,交通干道、文教区和公园排在商业区之后,工业区的PAHs总量最多;从PAHs的空间差异来看,靠近工业区以及机动车车流量较大的地区PAHs含量较高,靠近文教区和居住区的地区PAHs含量较低;从PAHs种类来看,所有功能区样品中PAHs的组分分布状况较为一致,以四环PAHs含量最多,其次是五环PAHs和三环PAHs;参考美国EPA沉积物PAHs质量标准和治理标准,沈阳市内五区PAHs总量超过质量标准的功能区有工业区、交通干道（4个采样点,占比36.3%）、文教区（3个采样点,占比75%）和公园区（4个采样点,占比40%）,超过治理标准的功能区有工业区,公园区（1个采样点,占比10%）,文教区（1个采样点,25%）。  相似文献   

三峡库区近30年土地利用时空变化特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

曹银贵  王静  刘正军  程烨  刘爱霞  许宁 《测绘科学》2007,32(6):167-170

利用三峡库区1975年、1987年、1995年、2000年和2005年的遥感影像数据,提取各期土地利用图。以各期土地利用图为基础图件,利用G IS技术,分析了三峡库区各期土地利用类型的数量、空间分布及变化趋势,分析表明库区的耕地、林地和草地都在减少,库区近30年建设用地和河流水面的增加最为明显。同时引入土地利用变化的景观特征指数、土地利用变化速度、土地利用程度指数来总结三峡库区近30年来土地利用变化的主要时空变化特征。采用多种特征指数相结合的研究方法,有利于了解三峡库区土地利用变化的特征,可以进一步指导库区的土地利用规划,为库区的生态环境保护提供参考。  相似文献   

The limitations of diversity metrics in directing global marine conservation     

《Marine Policy》2014

Biodiversity hotspots have been used extensively in setting conservation priorities for marine ecosystems. A recent Nature publication claims to have uncovered new latitudinal gradients in the evenness of reef communities and new reef hotspots based on functional diversity. Simulation models show that the purported evenness gradient is a mathematical inevitability of differences in species richness and detectability between vastly different marine ecosystems, namely ‘reefs’ in tropical, temperate, and polar regions. Constraints on evenness, along with disparity amongst communities in possible functional traits, cast doubt on the utility of global functional diversity comparisons for management of marine systems.  相似文献   

Population ecology of Sinelobus stanfordi (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) in a temperate southern microtidal estuary     

AC Ferreira  ES Ambrosio  A Rodrigues Capítulo 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):462-471

Sinelobus stanfordi is a tanaidacean of worldwide distribution of considerable significance within coastal ecosystems. The aim of this research was to provide essential information on the poorly-known population biology of this species. Benthic samples were taken seasonally from winter 2005 through summer 2007 along 155?km of shoreline within the Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina. The density of this tanaidacean was higher in vegetated than in bare sediments. The smaller individuals flourished in spring and summer, whereas the larger mature members prevailed in the cooler seasons. Females were always twice as abundant as males. Copulatory females, with 18?±?8 eggs each, were collected during all the seasons. Five cohorts were distinguished by the von Bertalanffy growth function. This research represents a baseline investigation for future studies on the population dynamics of S. stanfordi both in this estuary and in other places where this species is found.  相似文献